## Simulation of a bolted T-stub with ABAQUS

About one year ago, I tried to analyze a bolted T-stub to test the analysis method of bolted connections and verify my abaqus model referring to a journal paper, unfortunately, I could not find that paper now. Though I would not focus on steel connections in the future, I still want to make a summary of this simulation in order not to waste the effort one year ago. Due to the symmetry of this stub, only half is modeled as

## Beam elements in ABAQUS

Beam elements in ABAQUS make me a little confused, especially about the shear stiffness and elements for open sections. In this post, I want to make a summary of the elements in ABAQUS and give an example about the settings of beam elements. Beam element library Beam elements in a plane only have active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 6. Beam elements in space have active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Open section beams in space B31OS,

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