Linear 2nd order ODE with constant coefficients Homogeneous: \[{y^{\prime\prime}} + A{y^{\prime}} + By = 0\] Solution: \[y = {c_1}{y_1} + {c_2}{y_2}\] in which, \({y_1}\) and \({y_2}\) are two independent solutions of the homogeneous ODE. The basic method to solve this ODE is to try \(y = {e^{rt}}\). Plug in and we can get \[{r^2}{e^{rt}} + Ar{e^{rt}} + B{e^{rt}} = 0 \to {r^2} + Ar + B = 0\] Case 1: two different real roots \[y = {c_1}{e^{{r_1}t}} + {c_2}{e^{{r_2}t}}\] Case …
Category: Notes
Euler equation: \[\left\{ \begin{align} & {{x}_{n+1}}={{x}_{n}}+h \\ & {{y}_{n+1}}={{y}_{n}}+{{A}_{n}}h \\ \end{align} \right.\] \[\left\{ \begin{align} & h=\text{step}\text{size} \\ & {{A}_{n}}=f\left( {{x}_{n}},{{y}_{n}} \right) \\ \end{align} \right.\] Error of solution error = exact solution – approximate solution Method 1: smaller step Euler first-order: \(e\sim {{c}_{1}}h\), proportional to step size Method 2: find a better slop \({{A}_{n}}\) Heun’s method = improved Euler method = modified Euler method = RK2 \[\left\{ \begin{align} & {{x}_{n+1}}={{x}_{n}}+h \\ & {{y}_{n+1}}={{y}_{n}}+h\left( \frac{{{A}_{n}}+{{B}_{n}}}{2} \right) \\ \end{align} \right.\] in which, \({{B}_{n}}=f\left( …
Analysis of discrete systems The essence of a lumped-parameter mathematical model is that the state of the system can be described directly with adequate precision by the magnitudes of a finite (and usually small) number of state variables. The solution requires the following steps: System idealization: the actual system is idealized as an assemblage of elements Element equilibrium: the equilibrium requirements of each element are established in terms of state variables Element assemblage: the element interconnection requirements are invoked to …
Special Matrix symmetric matrix identity matrix / unite matrix symmetric banded matrix the following matrix is a symmetric banded matrix of order 5 and the half-bandwidth is 2. \[{\rm{A}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 3&2&1&0&0\\ 2&3&4&1&0\\ 1&4&5&6&1\\ 0&1&6&7&4\\ 0&0&1&4&3 \end{array}} \right]\] diagonal matrix: nonzero elements only on the diagonal of the matrix upper half of the matrix inverse matrix, the inverse of a matrix partitioning of matrix the trace and determinant of a matrix: only defined if the matrix is square tr(A) …